![]() ![]() This type of bonding occurs between two atoms of the same element or of elements close to each other in the periodic table. In the example below you will also see MgCl 2 in which the ratio of cations to anions is 1:2 because magnesium ions have a 2+ charge whereas chloride ions only have a 1- charge.Ĭovalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between atoms. Because sodium ions have a 1+ charge and chloride ions have a 1- charge, the ratio of sodium ions to chloride ions in sodium chloride is 1:1. This chlorine atom receives one electron to achieve its octet configuration, which creates a negatively charged anion. This creates a positively charged cation due to the loss of electron. This sodium molecule donates the lone electron in its valence orbital in order to achieve octet configuration. This is important for understanding what happens in nature and for predicting the formulas of ionic compounds! The ratio of cations and anions in an ionic compound always results in an overall charge of zero. In ionic bonds, the net charge of the compound must be zero. The charges on the anion and cation correspond to the number of electrons donated or received. In ionic bonding, more than one electron can be donated or received to satisfy the octet rule. Similarly, nonmetals that have close to 8 electrons in their valence shells tend to readily accept electrons to achieve noble gas configuration (the same number and arrangement of valence electrons as a noble gas). By losing their valence electrons, these metals can achieve noble gas configuration and satisfy the octet rule. Ionic bonding is observed because metals have few electrons in their outer-most shell. ![]() Ionic bonds require an electron donor, often a metal, and an electron acceptor, a nonmetal. In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the nonmetal accepts those electrons to become a negatively charged anion. It is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. ![]()
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